cystic hygroma

Last reviewed 01/2018

This is a congenital lesion comprised of lymph-filled spaces which arise from an embryonic remnant of the jugular lymph sac. It is not a true cyst but rather a lymphatic hamartoma which forms multilocular cyst-like spaces.

Features of cystic hygroma (1):

  • can result in a multicystic mass which infiltrates tissue planes - a cystic hygroma has no tendency to spontaneous resolution
  • the majority (over 60%) are found in the neck region - other sites of origin may include the chest wall and axilla
  • cystic hygroma are invariably present at birth, smaller masses may be missed and present later in childhood as an expanding lump
  • the cysts contain clear fluid (Greek, hygros--moist) - cystic hygroma should brilliantly transilluminate
  • secondary infection is of cystic hygroma is a possible complication.
  • antenatal diagnosis by ultrasonography is possible for larger cystic hygroma
    • affected infants should be delivered in a centre capable of expert endotracheal intubation because some masses displace and infiltrate the pharynx and larynx, thus compromising breathing
    • cystic hygromas are also a rare cause of an obstructed labour - in some cases cystic hygroma may be a cause for an elective caesarian section

Click here for an example image of this condition

Reference:

  1. BMJ 1996;312:368-371