uncommon causes
Last reviewed 01/2018
Metabolic causes:
- ketoacidosis
- hypercalcaemia
- lead poisoning
- Addison's disease
- uraemia
- acute intermittent porphyria
- hypertriglyceridaemia
- drugs e.g. salicylates, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, some antibiotics, imipramine, sodium valproate, iron preparations, some anticancer drugs.
Respiratory causes:
- pneumonia
- pulmonary embolism
- diaphragmatic pleurisy
- pneumothorax
Others:
- migraine
- myocardial infarction
- Henoch Schonlein purpura
- mesenteric ischaemia
- haemolytic crisis
- tabes dorsalis
- spinal disease
- sickle cell crisis
- hepatoma
- angioedema
- epilepsy
hypertriglyceridaemia (familial)
hypertriglyceridaemia (secondary)
haemolytic crisis in sickle cell anaemia