aetiology

Last reviewed 07/2021

Classification:

  • bladder irritation - constant need to pass urine irrespective of the volume of urine in the bladder. Most commonly, due to infection - usually accompanied by dysuria, confirmed by microscopy on MSU.

  • incomplete bladder emptying - voiding is incomplete, so bladder quickly reaches full capacity again. Most commonly, due to bladder outlet obstruction; also, neurological conditions e.g. multiple sclerosis, spinal trauma. Residual volume of urine after micturition predisposes to infection.

  • detrusor instability - activation of voiding reflex before bladder is completely filled. Confirmed by urodynamics.

  • small bladder - surgical resection, inflammatory fibrosis e.g. tuberculosis. See fluid volume record.