aetiology
Last reviewed 01/2018
Pre-renal causes:
- hypovolaemia, for example acute haemorrhage, burns
- circulatory failure - heart failure or shock
Renal causes:
- acute tubular nephropathy, for example ischaemic acute tubular necrosis
- acute interstitial nephropathy, for example in ascending urinary tract infection
- acute glomerulonephritis - Goodpasture's syndrome
- haemolytic uraemic syndrome
- drugs - cytotoxics such as cisplatin or streptozotocin, aminoglycosides such as gentamicin, tetracyclines, NSAIDs, ACE-inhibitors
- malignant hypertension
- following blood transfusion
- multiple myeloma
- hepatorenal syndrome
Post renal causes:
- obstructive lesions like stones, prostatic hypertrophy, congenital obstructive disorders