treatment of rectal carcinoma
Last reviewed 06/2022
The treatment of rectal cancer is usually by surgery.
Radiotherapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy are used palliatively where the tumour is inoperable.
Further treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered for high-risk stage II and stage III (Dukes' C) cancer following surgery (1)
Reference:
occult hepatic metastases(colorectal cancer)
non-surgical treatment of colorectal cancer
aspirin as a chemoprophylaxis if previous colorectal cancer or adenoma