types of bacterial gastroenteritis

secretory gastroenteritis

inflammatory gastroenteritis

invasive gastroenteritis

location

proximal small intestine

colon

distal small intestine

type of illness

watery diarrhoea

dysentry

enteric fever

stool examination

no fecal leukocytes

fecal polymorphonuclear leukocytes

fecal mononuclear leukocytes (if patient has diarrhea)

mechanism

enterotoxin or bacterial adherence/invasion causes a shift in water and electrolyte excretion/adsorption

bacterial invasion or cytotoxins cause mucosal damage that leads to inflammation

bacteria penetrate the mucosa and invade the reticuloendothelial system

classic pathogens

• Vibrio cholera
• Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)
• Clostridium perfringens
• Bacillus cereus
• Staphylococcus aureus

• Shigella,
• Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC),
• Salmonella (not Salmonella Typhi/Paratyphi)
• Vibrio parahaemolyticus
• Clostridium difficile
• Campylobacter

• Salmonella Typhi/Paratyphi
• Yersinia enterocolitica