tramadol
Last edited 02/2020
Tramadol is an analgesic which may act in two ways:
- as an opioid analgesic
- by enhancing central serotonergic and adrenergic pathways
There are less of the typical opioid side-effects such as:
- respiratory depression
- constipation
Occasional psychiatric reactions have been reported.
approximate relative potencies of opioids (opiates) in chronic usage in comparison to morphine