Hantaan virus

Last edited 04/2023 and last reviewed 05/2023

Korean haemorrhagic fever is caused by Hantaan virus, and was first noted during the Korean war in the 1950s. The virus is found in field rodents and voles as well as laboratory rats

• in 1978, the etiologic agent of Korean Hemerologic fever was isolated from small infected field rodent Apodemus agrarius near Hantan river in South Korea
• virus was named as Hantaan virus, after the name of the river Hantan

Hantaviruses target endothelial cells

• can affect diverse organ systems; increased vascular permeability is central to pathogenesis (1)
• main clinical syndromes associated with hantaviruses are haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), which is endemic in Europe and Asia, and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), which is endemic in the Americas
  • HCPS
    • typically presents with a short febrile prodrome of 3-5 days (2)
      • early symptoms include fever, myalgias, headache, chills, dizziness, non-productive cough, nausea, vomiting, and other gastrointestinal symptoms
        • malaise, diarrhea, and lightheadedness are reported by about 50% of patients, with less frequent reports of arthralgias, back pain, and abdominal pain
• is diagnosed on the basis of a positive serological test and the confirmation of viral antigen in the tissue of infected patient or the presence of viral RNA sequences in patient’s blood or tissue, along with a compatible history of the disease (2)
  
  

Many factors influence their epidemiology and transmission, such as climate, environment, social development, ecology of rodent hosts, and human behaviour in endemic regions

• transmission to humans occurs by exposure to infected rodents in endemic areas
• Andes hantavirus is unique in that it can be transmitted from person to person (1)

Management:

• supportive care
• is no treatment for hantavirus infection at present

Reference:

• Vial PA et al. Hantavirus in humans: a review of clinical aspects and management. Lancent Infectious Diseases April 24th 2023
• Mir MA. Hantaviruses. Clin Lab Med. 2010 Mar;30(1):67-91. doi: 10.1016/j.cll.2010.01.004. PMID: 20513542; PMCID: PMC2880890.