clinical features

Last reviewed 01/2018

These include:

  • administration of iv fluids
  • patient often elderly
  • shortness of breath - worse on lying flat

On examination:

  • dyspnoea
  • may be cyanosis
  • third heart sound
  • bilateral basal crepitations
  • there may be also signs of right heart failure - for example, raised JVP, peripheral oedema