aetiology
Last reviewed 01/2018
Causes include:
- idiopathic and familial
- electrolyte disturbances, particularly hyperkalaemia, or digoxin toxicity
- congenital heart disease, particularly transposition of the great arteries, and especially after surgery
- myocarditis
- post infective, for example in endocardial fibroelastosis or rheumatic fever
- associated with maternal connective tissue disease, especially systemic lupus erythematosus