complications
Last edited 12/2018 and last reviewed 07/2021
These include:
- chronic retention - increased residual bladder volume
- stagnant urine with increased susceptibility to infection
- overflow incontinence - sign of high pressure chronic retention with possible backflow to kidneys and progressive renal failure; bladder becomes greatly distended and atonic
- trabeculation of the bladder musculature - the muscle hypertrophies to overcome the outflow obstruction
- bladder diverticulae - sacculations between the hypertrophied muscle continue to enlarge in prolonged obstruction
- calculi - stones may form in the bladder and its diverticulae
- bilateral hydronephrosis - increased intravesical pressure transmitted back into the ureters and kidneys
- renal failure - progressive renal parenchmal damage from ureteric sphincter damage and urinary reflux