serology
Last reviewed 01/2018
Rising serum IgM anti-delta antibodies indicates acute delta infection.
Co-infection is indicated by IgM anti-delta in the presence of high titres of IgM anti-HBc. Loss of IgM anti-HDV implies resolution of delta infection; persistence, predicts chronicity.
Superinfection is indicated by IgM anti-delta with low or absent IgM anti-HBc.