Chilaiditi sign

Last edited 11/2018 and last reviewed 11/2020

Chilaiditi sign is the radiological appearance (often seen on chest X-ray) of a transposition of loop of colon in between diaphragm and liver (the appearance of air under dome of right diaphragm)

  • was first described by a Greek radiologist Demetrius Chilaiditi in 1910
  • a rare radiologic finding where colonic interposition occurs between the diaphragm and the liver: hepatodiaphragmatic interposition
  • diagnosis is usually found incidentally on images obtained for other diagnostic reasons

  • incidence is around 0.1-1% - most patients are asymptomatic (1)

  • may be seen in liver cirrhosis and COPD

  • a contributory cause of chilaiditi sign may be redundant mobile colon due to laxity of suspensory ligament of large intestine or liver; or elevation of the right diaphragmatic copula due to phrenic nerve paralysis

  • other possible associated conditions include:
    • colonic volvulus (2,3) and
    • few colonic malignancies (4)

  • diagnosis is generally made by X-ray; CT scan will help in confirmation of diagnosis in case of suspicion
    • chest and abdominal plain X-rays are not as sensitive for the diagnosis as CT scans (5)

  • symptomatic presentation with chilaiditi sign is termed as chilaiditi syndrome
    • shortness of breath may occur (1)
    • sometimes, other symptoms like pain in abdomen, nausea and distention can be the presenting symptoms

    • conservative management is the only required treatment in most cases with bed rest, intravenously administered fluid support, and bowel decompression playing a significant role in alleviating the symptoms
      • if the cause of the presentation is with complicated abdominal pathologies, including obstruction, volvulus, or perforation, conservative management cannot correct the underlying pathology and surgical intervention is warranted (6,7)
      • surgical options for complicated Chilaiditi syndrome range from:
        • resection of the involved part of the colon (that is, right hemicolectomy) or
        • fixation of the liver (that is, hepatopexy) to the abdominal wall to obliterate the potential space and prevent colonic displacement

Reference:

  • Sanyal K, Sabanathan K. Air below the right diaphragm: Chilaiditi sign. Emerg Med J. 2008;25:300.
  • Loke KL, Chan CS. Case report: Transverse colon volvulus: Unusual appearance on barium enema and review of the literature. Clin Radiol. 1995;50:342-4.
  • Eisenstat TE, Raneri AJ, Mason GR. Volvulus of the transverse colon. Am J Surg. 1977;134:396-9.
  • Yagnik VD. Chilaiditi sign. Lung India. 2010 Jul-Sep; 27(3): 190.
  • Saber AA, Boros MJ. Chilaiditi's syndrome: what should every surgeon know? Am Surg. 2005;71:261-3.
  • Blevins WA, Cafasso DE, Fernandez M, Edwards MJ. Minimally invasive colopexy for pediatric Chilaiditi syndrome. J Pediatr Surg. 2011;46(3):e33-5.
  • Takahashi K, Ito H, Katsube T, Tsuboi A, Hashimoto M, Ota E, et al. Treatment of Chilaiditi syndrome using laparoscopic surgery. Asian J Endosc Surg. 2017;10(1):63-5.