aetiology
Last reviewed 01/2018
The aetiology of arthrogryposis is unclear. There is thought to be a failure of differentiation of soft tissue and bony elements that is sporadic but due to a limitation of in utero fetal movements.
The reasons for a lack of in utero movements include:
- oligohydramnios or other causes of restricted space within the uterus
- primary nerve or muscle abnormalities; the neuropathic form is felt to be the most common type
- viral infection
- vascular insufficiency
- toxins eg chronic cyanide exposure
Consequently, skeletal muscle fibres can atrophy. Putatively, there is then a secondary imbalance of forces on specific joints leading to contractures.