LOW (loss of warning of hypoglycaemia)

Last reviewed 09/2022

The Diabetes Audit and Research in Tayside, Scotland (DARTS) study of 367,501 people, 8655 of whom had diabetes, identified a total of 244 episodes of severe hypoglycemia in 160 patients

  • overall prevalence was 7.1% in patients with type 1 diabetes and 7.3% in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin, compared with 0.8% in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with an oral sulfonylurea

Loss of warning of hypoglycaemia is a well recognised phenomenon in diabetics

  • repeated hypoglycemic events can lead to hypoglycemia unawareness, whereby hormonal, autonomic, sympathetic neural, and adrenomedullary responses are attenuated, such that the warning symptoms of developing hypoglycemia are essentially lost
    • subsequently compromises natural behavioral defenses against hypoglycemia, such as the ingestion of food, so that instead of an episode of mild hypoglycemia developing that can be easily self-managed by the patient, more serious episodes of hypoglycemia may occur that require external intervention
  • hypoglycemia unawareness occurs as a result of a physiological response to recurrent hypoglycemic events known as hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure
    • suggested that repeated episodes of mild hypoglycemia cause the normal glycemic thresholds for initiating sympathoadrenal, symptomatic, and cognitive responses to subsequent hypoglycemia to shift towards lower blood glucose concentrations
    • hypoglycemia unawareness ultimately leads to a significantly reduced detection of hypoglycemia in the clinical setting and to further and more severe episodes of hypoglycemia
    • there is some study evidence that as little as 2-3 weeks of scrupulous avoidance of hypoglycemia can reverse hypoglycemia unawareness
  • loss of awareness of hypoglycaemia in the elderly (3)
    • distinct hypoglycemia unawareness in the presence of pronounced hypoglycemia-induced reaction time prolongation in older type 2 diabetic patients
      • may, at least in part, explain why older patients are at a particularly high risk of suffering from severe hypoglycemic episodes

Reference:

Related pages:

management

driving (and loss of awareness of hypoglycaemia)

hypoglycaemia