aetiology of acute hypotension

Last reviewed 01/2018

Acute hypotension may be caused by:

  • cardiac malfunction:
    • arrhythmia
    • myocardial infarction
    • valvular defects e.g. aortic regurgitation
    • cardiac tamponade
    • massive pulmonary embolism
    • tension pneumothorax

  • hypovolaemia:
    • blood loss e.g. GI bleed, abdominal aortic aneurysm
    • urinary loss
    • plasma loss e.g. burns
    • third space losses e.g. pancreatitis
    • dehydration e.g. diarrhoea, coma, heat exhaustion

  • vasodilatation:
    • drugs e.g. ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers
    • sepsis, especially Gram-negative shock
    • heat exhaustion