abdominal crisis in sickle cell anaemia

Last reviewed 01/2018

These crises are characterised by severe abdominal pain with the signs of an acute abdomen; they are probably due to sequestration of sickled cells in the circulation of the gut.

Some common conditions seen frequently as acute abdominal pain in SCD includes:

  • vaso-occlusion – in the mesenteric circulation
  • cholelithiasis
  • cholangitis
  • mesenteric/colonic ischaemia
  • hepatic infarction/abscess/sequestration
  • intra-abdominal abscess
  • splenic infarction
  • renal or hepatic vein thrombosis (1)

Management of acute abdomen

  • appropriate examinations should be carried out in patients who presents with an acute abdomen e.g. - blood cultures, serum amylase,  abdominal ultrasound, abdominal X-ray and CT
  • acute abdominal pain due to SCD is managed conservatively in most cases,
  • early involvement of the surgical team should be considered
  • laparascopic cholecystectomy is recommended for treatment of symptomatic gallstones (1).

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