aetiology
Last reviewed 10/2022
The common causes of a squint are neurogenic:
- III nerve palsy:
- ptosis
- dilated pupil unreactive to light
- double vision present in all directions except for lateral gaze to the side of the lesion
- IV nerve palsy:
- double vision is maximal when looking down and in
- doubling may be horizontal, vertical or tilted
- VI nerve palsy:
- horizontal diplopia maximal when looking to the side of the lesion
- brainstem syndromes including:
- internuclear ophthalmoplegia
- one and a half syndrome
- Weber's syndrome
Paralytic squints may be caused by:
- head trauma
- cerebrovascular disease
- demyelinating disease
- space occupying lesions:
- tumour
- haemorrhage
- abscess
- cerebral aneurysm
- raised intracranial pressure
- diabetes mellitus